Beaver Restoration & Coexistence

As beaver build dams, the rising water can cause flooding. Notching of and/or removal of dams is an ineffective response as beavers will typically attempt to rebuild. Additionally, these activities encourage the beaver to harvest more vegetation, causing greater impacts on the riparian habitat. 

To manage water height, property owners can build or install a flexible pond leveler. This device takes advantage of a beaver’s dam-building behavioral cue—the sound and feel of running water. This instinct is what makes dam removal such a losing battle. Instead, putting a pipe through the dam prevents water from noisily spilling over the top, which discourages the beaver from building the dam any higher. A welded wire cage around the submerged upstream inlet keeps beaver from blocking the pipe. The pipe releases water below the dam crest on the downstream side, reducing dam-building cues. The installer can then lower the pond level to the level that reduces flooding, ideally while retaining the beaver and their associated benefits.

For more information, visit The Beaver Institute’s page on dam flooding. 

When culverts are installed in waterways where beaver live, they will often start to block the flow of water through the culvert.  There are several strategies to prevent blocked culverts:

• Trapezoidal fence: An easy way to prevent beaver from blocking the culvert is to build a trapezoidal-shaped fence that is narrowest at the culvert and widens upstream. This forces the beaver to dam a much larger area, and as the dam grows along the fence, it gets farther and farther from the stimulus of water rushing to the culvert. Keeping the culvert open this way prevents the roadbed from becoming over-saturated or the road from washing away completely. A pond leveler pipe can also be run through the fence if needed. 

• Fence and pipe device: same as pond leveler

• Starter dam: A starter dam can be built with fencing or natural materials such as rocks, wooden posts, and branches. By starting a dam 10 to 15 feet upstream of the culvert, it encourages the beaver to dam on it instead of the culvert. 

For more information, visit The Beaver Institute’s page on blocked culverts and drains.

The Beaver Back Saver eliminates the constant clearing out of twin track weirs from beaver activity. The retrofit slides onto an existing weir, drawing water through a perforated pipe capped with a metal grate, allowing it to convey water without beavers hearing or sensing the flow, thus deterring them from plugging it up. For more information and a how-to, see our Beaver Back Saver project.

Trees can be protected either individually or in groups. In most places, wrapping trees with a 4-foot-high (2” x 4”) galvanized welded wire is sufficient. Make sure the wire completely surrounds the tree, and leave a 12-inch space all the way around the tree to allow for growth. In areas where it snows, using taller fencing that will reach about 3 feet above the average snow height is important to ensure year-round protection. Chicken wire is not strong enough to withstand beaver chewing. Some people use one or two strands of solar-powered, portable electric fencing set at beaver height to prevent them from accessing vegetation.

Another option for tree protection is to paint the tree trunks with a mixture of exterior latex paint and coarse sand. Paint does require more maintenance and reapplication, but can be color-matched to the tree bark to blend in well and address aesthetic concerns. To every gallon of paint, add 20 ounces of mason sand (30-70 mesh). Mix well and make only what you can use. Remove debris from the tree bark before applying the paint, and be careful not to apply too thickly or the sandy paint will roll off. Cover the entire section of the trunk that runs from the ground level to 3 feet above the anticipated snow level.